Publications

Carbon Removal

An overview of the science behind why CDR is necessary to meet climate goals, an overview of leading CDR approaches, and discussion on current policy and market frameworks

Howard Herzog and Niall MacDowell

CDR Primer

An overview of the science behind why CDR is necessary to meet climate goals, an overview of leading CDR approaches, a discussion on current policy and market frameworks, and discussion of social science behind scaling up removals

Jen Wilcox, Ben Koloz, Jeremy Freeman, et al

Ending Fossil Fuels: Why Net Zero is Not Enough

Exploration of how to think about removals beyond the conventional paradigm of net-zero and carbon markets

Holly Buck

State of CDR 2nd Edition

Current status of CDR science and deployments

State of CDR

Global CCUS Status Report 2025

Current status of CCUS deployments and policy

Global CCS Institute

A list of every CDR company in the world

Who is developing CDR solutions

Grant Faber

GENIE – CDR Knowledge Hub

Repository of scientific information related to removals

GENIE Project — IIASA

IPCC Assessment Report 6 Working Group 3

Most comprehensive and authoritative source summarizing the research behind why CDR is necessary for meeting climate goals

IPCC

Carbon Capture

If you really want to know how carbon capture works, this is the place to start

Jen Wilcox

Comparative review of Direct air capture technologies

Technical comparison of different DAC approaches

Houssam Bouaboula et al

Dataset on the adoption of historical technologies informs the scale-up of emerging CDR measures

What it will take to scale technological CDR using historical analogs of other technology scale up efforts

Greg Nemet et al

The Applied Innovation Roadmap for CDR

What R&D is needed to get a portfolio of solutions to 10+ Gt/year scale by 2050

RMI

A Research Strategy for Ocean CDR and Sequestration

Overview of mCDR approaches, and what research is needed to commercialize these solutions

National Academies of Sciences

A framework for techno-economic and lifecycle assessment in OAE

In-depth technoeconomics for OAE, as a model for how technoeconomics can be done for other CDR solutions

Heriot Watt

OAE Primer

OAE 101, with links to additional sources for further reading

Frontier

Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration: A Research Agenda

What R&D is needed to get a portfolio of solutions to Gt/year scale by 2050

National Academies of Sciences

Carbon Capture Coalition Federal Policy Blueprint

US consensus position on federal policy changes to advance CCUS projects

Carbon Capture Coalition

Carbon removal policy tracker

Database of US federal policies related to removals

Carbon180

Roads to Removals

Spatially resolved exploration of carbon removal potential across the US

Lawrence Livermore National Lab

US Department of Energy Carbon Removal Strategy

What the Biden Administration was planning to do to advance carbon removal at the beginning of 2025

US Department of Energy

Carbon Removal Alliance FY26 Appropriations Requests

What the US CDR industry thinks is possible for Congress to fund

Carbon Removal Alliance

C-QuIP Database

Global policy database on embedded carbon removal

Carbon Removal Standards Initiative

Establishing Quality in Carbon Removal: A Roadmap for MMRV

Overview of what it will take to advance MMRV

Carbon Removal Alliance

What do we mean when we say we need to integrate CDR into industry?

Overview of embedded CDR policy means

Carbon Removal Standards Initiative

2026 State of the Voluntary Carbon Markets

What is the voluntary carbon market, and how does it relate to removals?

Carbon Direct

Article 6 of the Paris Agreement: A Practical Primer

What is Article 6, and how does it relate to removals?

Carbon Direct

CDR 2.0: Five Pillars of Successful Project Deployment

What will it take for CDR suppliers to scale in the near future?

Carbon Direct

CDR.FYI

Who is buying CDR credits? Who is selling CDR credits?

CDR.FYI

Criteria for high quality carbon removal

What does high-quality carbon removal purchasing look like?

Microsoft and Carbon Direct

Frontier CDR credit purchase offtake template

How can a purchaser write a good CDR offtake contract?

Frontier

The CDR Buyer's Guide

How can an interested CDR purchaser get started with buying credits?

CDR.FYI

The Open Standard Carbon Removal Agreement

How can a purchaser write a good CDR offtake contract?

CDR.FYI

World Bank State and Trends of Carbon Pricing

Overview of the state of compliance carbon pricing mechanisms globally

World Bank

Frontier Biomass Sourcing Principles

How to ensure biomass CDR projects deliver removals and avoid negative unintended consequences

Frontier

Absolute Climate draft standard

Frontier of the MMRV conversation for removals

Absolute Climate

CDR Clean Energy Purchasing Principles

How to source clean energy for CDR in ways that balance carbon removal and innovation

Frontier

Primer on Carbon Dioxide Removal Credits

Introduction to CDR credit markets

US Department of Energy

Climatetech investment trends 2025

How carbon removal fits into broader cleantech investment trends

Sightline Climate

Removing Forward: Centering Equity and Justice in a Carbon-Removing Future

Overview of carbon removal and environmental justice

Carbon180

The politics of negative emissions technologies and decarbonization in rural communities

Academic survey of politics of removal at local level

Holly Buck

Frontier community benefit plan template

How to incorporate community benefits in CDR projects and CDR offtakes

Frontier